Radiation-Induced Breeding in Camelina Sativa

Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology - The ionizing radiation methods, including X-rays, gamma rays, and neutrons to create variation is well established and used in major crops. Many...     

Occurrence of prophage and historical perspectives associated with the dissemination of huanglongbing in mainland China

Huanglongbing (HLB), associated with a non-culturable bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (CLas), is a highly destructive citrus disease with a long but poorly documented history in China. No effective treatment for HLB is available. The identification of new prophages in abundant CLas genomic sequence data provides new insights into both the diversity of CLas strains and HLB management. In this study, CLas populations from nine provinces were surveyed for the presence of prophage. Two major prophage typing groups (PTGs) were discovered to be associated with two different altitude regions: strains of CLas in PTG1 from high altitude regions (HAR) mainly contained prophage Type 1 only or Types 1 and 3, whereas strains of CLas in PTG2 from low altitude regions (LAR) mainly contained prophage Type 2. The discovery of these CLas population patterns provides evidence for independent origins of HLB in HAR and LAR. Guangdong province is the generally recognized domestic region of origin for HLB and is primarily responsible for the dissemination of HLB in LAR through transport of seedlings. Both Yunnan and Sichuan provinces are the probable regions of origin for HLB in HAR. PTG2 was further divided into two subgroups: PTG2-1, found in Guangdong, Fujian and Guangxi and PTG2-2, found in Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Hunan. These regions and prophage types are correlated with early and late introductions of HLB in LAR. These molecular analyses were supported by studying the history of the dissemination of HLB in historical documents.     

11个葡萄品种在乐山地区的花芽分化规律

研究了11个葡萄品种3年生树在四川乐山地区避雨栽培条件下的花芽分化表现。结果表明,结果母枝的花芽分化率,魏可、维多利亚、黑芭拉多、金手指、金优2号和巨玫瑰6个品种的都高于50%,较易形成花芽;户太8号、巨峰、夏黑的在43%~48%;美人指和红指较难形成花芽。结果母枝不同节位的花芽分化率,多数品种在第3节位≥50%;结果枝上花穗着生节位在第3.8~4.9节,其中双花率以巨玫瑰、巨峰和户太8号较高,分别为83.45%、73.61%和73.06%。以结果母枝的花芽分化率≥50%节位作为冬剪的最低节位,则金优2号、户太8号、巨玫瑰、金手指、维多利亚5个品种在第3~4节,黑芭拉多和巨峰2个品种在第2~3节,魏可在1~2节。夏黑表现花芽分化率较低,为43.33%,可能与夏黑不耐弱光有关,设施栽培时应加强透光性。     

基于玻璃化转变的稻谷变温热风干燥工艺研究

为保证稻谷干燥后品质、提高干燥效率,基于不同含水率稻谷的玻璃化转变温度,提出变温热风干燥工艺。采用三因素五水平中心组合试验方法,以稻谷温度、初始含水率和热风风速为影响因素,以稻谷爆腰指数、整精米率和干燥时间为评价指标,研究稻谷玻璃化转变温度、恒温和变温干燥特性,模拟解析稻谷干燥过程中传热传质规律,以5、10、15℃的变温幅度进行变温干燥试验。结果表明,稻谷玻璃化转变温度与其含水率呈负相关,恒温干燥最佳工艺参数为稻谷温度47℃、初始含水率22.0%、热风风速0.50 m/s,干燥后稻谷爆腰指数70、整精米率57.67%、干燥时间195 min;与恒温干燥相比,以5℃和10℃为变温幅度的变温干燥工艺,干燥后稻谷爆腰指数分别降低了20和10,整精米率提高12.6、7.7个百分点,干燥时间缩短30 min和60 min。研究表明,基于玻璃化转变的稻谷变温热风干燥工艺明显改善了稻谷干燥后品质,提高了干燥效率。     

PGPR菌剂对辣椒的促生效应及根际土壤细菌的响应研究

研究田间条件下PGPR菌剂灌根对辣椒根际土壤细菌数量及群落结构的影响,为深入探究PGPR菌剂的田间促生机制提供理论依据。以4株PGPR菌株制成PGPR菌剂,对辣椒进行灌根,并采用Illumina-MiSeq平台对辣椒根际土壤细菌V3-V4区进行Paired-end测序,结合细菌及功能菌群数量、辣椒产量指标,比较分析菌剂灌根配施全量化肥(PGPR-CF1)、菌剂灌根配施80%化肥(PGPR-CF2)和全量化肥(CK)处理后对辣椒根际土壤细菌数量及群落结构特征的影响。结果表明:PGPR菌剂灌根后辣椒根际土壤细菌及包含固氮、解磷及解钾等功能菌群的数量显著提高,且物种丰度和多样性均高于对照,细菌优势度则表现为PGPR-CF1和CK组高于PGPR-CF2。所有土样共得到有效序列573 896条,在相似水平为97%下聚类分析得到OTUs数分别为2 153个(CK)、2 337个(PGPR-CF1)、2 358个(PGPR-CF2);各处理辣椒根际土壤中的优势门为酸杆菌门、放线菌门、拟杆菌门、绿弯菌门、浮霉菌门和变形菌门,相对丰度总占比分别为83.7%(PGPR-CF1)、79.55%(PGPR-CF2)和79.77%(CK)。PGPR菌剂灌根后增加了伯克霍尔德氏菌目、芽孢杆菌目、鞘脂单胞菌目等的相对丰度,降低了芽单胞菌目、酸杆菌目的相对丰度。Pearson指数表明,辣椒产量和单果重与根际土壤细菌多样性和丰度正相关。研究显示,PGPR菌剂处理,可以提高根际土壤细菌和功能菌群的数量,同时影响了物种多样性和群落结构,并促进了辣椒增产。     

生长后期干旱复水对饲草大麦产量、品质及叶绿素含量的影响

为研究水分胁迫对饲草大麦生长、产量、籽粒关键品质和相关生理指标的影响,于2017～2018年采用盆栽称重控水法对甘饲麦1号进行以干旱胁迫持续时间(T)为主因素(10、20、30 d)和旱后复水量为副因素(W1、W2和W3)的裂区试验,测定其株高、穗长、生育期、单株产量及构成因子、关键品质指标以及叶绿素含量的变化。结果显示:干旱胁迫时间显著影响了各项测定指标,各项测定指标均表现出随着干旱胁迫时间的延长其显著降低,指标测定值均表现出T1T2T3。较T1,T2和T3处理的株高显著降低了10.87和16.26 cm,生育期显著提前了5.12和14.00 d;穗粒数、千粒重和单株产量分别显著降低了37.77%和67.06%、15.68%和30.62%、28.72%和69.09%;籽粒蛋白质含量显著提高了4.33%和10.16%,籽粒淀粉含量显著降低了5.65%和22.78%,籽粒饱满度显著降低了12.83%和18.95%。在同一胁迫期内,除了籽粒蛋白质含量以外,其余各项测定指标值均随着复水量的减少而不同程度的降低,指标测定值均表现为W1W2W3,且在T2和T3胁迫期下较对照W1,W3降低尤为明显。通过测定饲草大麦叶片叶绿素含量发现:在T1和T2持续胁迫时间下,复水后W1和W2处理存在显著的补偿效应,而W3以及T3持续胁迫时间的所有复水处理均未产生显著的补偿效应。说明甘饲麦1号干旱复水补偿效应的利用应注意干旱胁迫持续时间不超过20 d(土壤最大持水量的60%～65%),旱后复水量不低于田间土壤最大持水量的55%～60%为宜。     

药剂拌种对春油菜白粉病和茎象甲的防效及对油菜产量的影响

为明确不同药剂拌种对春油菜出苗率、病虫害防效及产量的影响, 本文在3种不同种植密度下, 针对春油菜白粉病、油菜茎象甲, 选择25 g/L咯菌腈FSC、600 g/L吡虫啉SC、30%噻虫嗪SC、600 g/L吡虫啉SC+25 g/L咯菌腈FSC、30%噻虫嗪SC+25 g/L咯菌腈FSC进行了拌种处理试验。结果表明, 各拌种处理对春油菜的出苗有一定的影响, 其中600 g/L吡虫啉SC、30%噻虫嗪SC、600 g/L吡虫啉SC+25 g/L咯菌腈FSC、30% 噻虫嗪SC+25 g/L咯菌腈FSC拌种对春油菜出苗的影响大于25 g/L咯菌腈FSC拌种; 600 g/L吡虫啉SC+25 g/L咯菌腈FSC、30%噻虫嗪SC+25 g/L咯菌腈FSC拌种对白粉病和茎象甲的防效均高于单剂拌种; 600 g/L吡虫啉SC+25 g/L咯菌腈FSC拌种, 对春油菜白粉病的最高防效可达59.3%, 30%噻虫嗪SC+25 g/L咯菌腈FSC拌种对油菜茎象甲最高防效可达69.2%。白粉病病情指数与春油菜种植密度呈正相关, 拌种防效随密度增加而降低, 综合产量分析, 最佳种植密度为28.5万～34.5万株/hm2。     

Molecular mechanisms of Belinostat inhibiting viability of osteosarcoma cells

AIM: To observe the effect of histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) Belinostat on the viability of osteosarcoma cells and to study the underlying mechanism. METHODS: Osteosarcoma cell lines SAOS-2 and U2OS were incubated with Belinostat at different concentrations in vitro. The viability of the cells was measured by MTT assay. The activity of caspase-3/-7 and the DNA fragmentation were detected by fluorescence probe and ELISA, respectively. Western blot was used to detect the levels of histone acetylation, expression of PTEN, caspase-3, Bcl-xL and Akt, and phosphorylation of glycogen synthetase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) and Akt. Finally, the cells were incubated with Belinostat and doxorubicin at different concentrations, and then the combination index (CI) was calculated by MTT. RESULTS: Belinostat at 0.5, 1, 2.5 and 5 μmol/L inhibited the viability of U2OS cells and SAOS-2 cells in a dose-dependent manner, induced DNA fragmentation, enhanced caspase-3/-7 activity, and promoted the activation of caspase-3. At the same time, in the SAOS-2 cells, the expression of Bcl-xL was reduced, and the acetylation of histones H3 and H4 was increased. The results of Western blot showed that phosphorylation levels of Akt and GSK-3β in U2OS cells and SAOS-2 cells were decreased significantly after treatment with Belinostat (P<0.05). MTT results showed that combination of Belinostat and doxorubicin further reduced the viability of U2OS and SAOS-2 cells (CI<1). CONCLUSION: Belinostat inhibits the viability of osteosarcoma cells treated with doxorubicin, and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of Akt signaling pathway.     

不同光质照射下真姬菇的生长发育与光受体的响应表达

采用 5 种不同光质光源，分别对真姬菇（Hypsizygus marmoreus）的菌丝、原基和子实体进行照射，检测菌丝生长速度、原基形成数量、子实体菌柄长度、菌柄直径、菌盖直径以及产量等。结果显示：真姬菇菌丝在黑暗和红光下生长较快，在红绿蓝复合光下生长最慢；在蓝光下形成的原基数量最多，而在红光下原基数量最少；子实体阶段，黑暗下菌柄的长度及直径最大，绿光下菌柄长度及直径最小；而在蓝光和红绿蓝复合光下菌盖直径最大。相同培养时间，真姬菇在黑暗和蓝光下产量较高，在绿光下产量最低。进一步检测真姬菇光受体基因 WC1 和 WC2 在不同光质条件下的差异表达。结果表明，在菌柄中 WC1 在黑暗下表达量最高，WC2 在蓝光下表达量最高；而在菌盖中 WC1 和 WC2 均在蓝光下表达量最高。     

蝴蝶兰新品种‘红天鹅’

‘红天鹅’是以蝴蝶兰‘宝岛玫瑰’为母本，‘超群火鸟’为父本进行人工杂交选育出的大花型蝴蝶兰新品种。花色鲜红，平均花朵横径为10.3 cm，花朵纵径为10.1 cm，花朵数为8 ~ 10朵，花穗自然弯曲，可不用人工造形。花芽对低温极为敏感，在年前开花，适合作为春节年销花品种，花期长达119 d。